植物茎叶抗癌成分的分类和总结表明，其主要特点有：一方面植物茎叶成分抗癌的活性较强。如荔枝叶中Sesquipinsapol B 和Sesquimarocanol B，香面叶茎皮中香面叶木脂素A成分等。另一方面植物茎叶抗癌成分的结构规律性较强，可作为先导化合物。本研究中发现联苯环辛烯、木脂素、新木脂素、黄酮、黄酮醇或黄酮苷、异黄酮、查耳酮、齐墩果酸、乌苏酸、羽扇豆醇、三环二萜、双环倍半萜等多种结构。如Sesquimarocanol B属木脂素结构，与鬼臼毒素糖苷化衍生物α-pelatatin-β-D-glucoside结构类似，后者抑制人口腔表皮样癌细胞KB的EC50值为1.1 μg/mL[38]。另据报道，对全球抗癌领域的专利进行分析，采用二维象限法共识别抗癌重点子领域分别是天然抗癌药、微生物抗癌药、肿瘤电子医疗器械以及癌症诊断与手术技术[39]，天然抗癌药领域的重点技术有抗癌药活性、酶或微生物的检测及制备方法、天然来源药物的制剂技术、细胞及组织培养技术、药物载体技术[40]，反映天然抗癌药物研究与开发仍然处于相对活跃期，但越来越依赖相关技术的支撑。因此，目前植物茎叶中抗癌活性成分的筛选多停留在药理活性验证阶段，需要以现有活性成分为先导，依托关键技术进行广泛验证和多重筛选，结合临床验证和科学统计，才能实现其临床应用价值。

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