1.3植物提取物的制备

取约50 g干燥的植物样品粉碎，依次用75%乙醇、蒸馏水热回流提取。处理过程：(1)用75%乙醇回流提取3次(每次250 mL)，将3次提取的溶液合并后在50 ℃下用旋转蒸发器除去大部分溶剂，之后转移至冷冻干燥机上充分干燥。(2)经75%乙醇提取过的植物残渣继续用蒸馏水回流提取3次，合并提取液蒸馏近干，之后转移至冷冻干燥机上充分干燥。(3)精密称取上述植物提取物浸膏干粉5.0 mg，以1 mL蒸馏水溶解得相应溶液，之后用水按比例(1∶4)稀释成系列浓度溶液备用。植物提取率以冻干粉重量除以提取植物样品干重后乘以100%计算。

表 2 30种供试植物β-羟高铁血红素形成抑制活性筛选结果Table 2β-Hematin formation inhibition activity of thirty screened plantsn=3)样品名Sample name粗提物Crude extract不同浓度植物样品的β-羟高铁血红素形成抑制率Inhibition rates of β-hematin formation in screenedsamples with different concentrations (%)1 (μg·mL-1)氯喹二磷酸盐 Chloroquine diphosphate salt—84.7 ± 3.688.2 ± 3.188.4 ± 5.31.5 ± 3.4-2.1 ± 1.134.6 ± 1.6西南委陵菜(地上)Potentilla lineata (Overground)醇提物Ethanol ± 1.8-13.2 ± 1.9-11.4 ± 3.50.6 ± 5.80.8 ± 3.8无活性Inactive水提物Water ± 5.0-11.7 ± 0.3-4.3 ± 0.6-0.9 ± 0.42.5 ± 2.3>1 388.9西南委陵菜(地下)P. lineata(Underground)醇提物Ethanol ± 3.4-6.7 ± 1.02.2 ± 0.82.7 ± 0.1-1.0 ± 2.7>1 388.9水提物Water ± 1.0-12.1 ± 1.6-1.7 ± 2.0-6.6 ± 0.4-0.1 ± 2.6无活性Inactive反瓣老鹳草(地上)Geranium refractum(Overground)醇提物Ethanol ± 0.9-22.2 ± 1.7-7.9 ± 5.30.1 ± 5.89.6 ± 8.7无活性Inactive水提物Water ± 5.9-24.5 ± 1.3-14.1 ± 1.3-2.6 ± 2.51.2 ± 0.2>1 388.9反瓣老鹳草(地下) G. refractum(Underground)醇提物Ethanol ± 3.839.2 ± 5.425.2 ± 5.73.6 ± 3.2-7.0 ± 3.41 388.9水提物Water ± 1.915.4 ± 5.116.6 ± 1.29.0 ± 0.27.5 ± 18.2>1 388.9拔毒散Sida szechuensis醇提物Ethanol ± 4.422.7 ± 4.212.0 ± 1.615.1 ± 8.240.0 ± 3.3>1 388.9水提物Water ± 3.328.7 ± 4.717.3 ± 4.123.5 ± 4.213.4 ± 1.3>1 388.9高河菜Megacarpaea delavayi醇提物Ethanol ± 4.441.2 ± 5.514.4 ± 5.719.1 ± 3.911.5 ± 1.6>1 388.9水提物Water ± 10.20.6 ± 4.311.7 ± 5.70.1 ± 6.19.9 ± 4.3>1 388.9滇黄芩(地上)Scutellaria amoena(Overground)醇提物Ethanol ± 1.912.6 ± 8.95.3 ± 13.027.4 ± 2.312.3 ± 6.6>1 388.9水提物Water ± 12.76.8 ± 0.41.5 ± 9.62.7 ± 3.6-0.7 ± 2.9>1 388.9滇黄芩(地下)S. amoena(Underground)醇提物Ethanol ± 6.0-4.5 ± 6.613.8 ± 7.825.6 ± 2.313.5 ± 6.8>1 388.9水提物Water ± 1.41.2 ± 1.36.3 ± 7.76.1 ± 0.510.4 ± 9.8无活性Inactive土香薷Origanum vulgare醇提物Ethanol ± 3.6-4.2 ± 1.51.3 ± 1.78.4 ± 0.88.1 ± 3.5无活性Inactive水提物Water ± 1.9-4.9 ± 0.8-2.7 ± 1.42.2 ± 1.06.9 ± 3.5>1 388.9广防风Epimeredi indica醇提物Ethanol ± 1.8-11.1 ± 1.3-6.1 ± 1.24.6 ± 0.38.6 ± 1.9无活性Inactive水提物Water ± 2.0-6.6 ± 2.12.3 ± 1.88.3 ± 2.113.3 ± 0.3无活性Inactive曲苞芋Remusatia pumila醇提物Ethanol ± 0.2-10.5 ± 0.6-10.7 ± 0.6-4.3 ± 1.30.0 ± 1.7无活性Inactive水提物Water ± 3.39.8 ± 1.37.5 ± 4.43.6 ± 0.50.9 ± 2.4>1 388.9接骨木Sambucus williamsii醇提物Ethanol ± 3.8-8.0 ± 2.3-2.1 ± 0.44.0 ± 1.80.5 ± 5.6无活性Inactive水提物Water ± 3.1-6.6 ± 2.7-5.6 ± 6.0-0.4 ± 4.81.7 ± 2.1>1 388.9云南贯众Cyrtomium yunnanense醇提物Ethanol ± 0.9-15.6 ± 1.2-8.4 ± 1.16.5 ± 2.99.4 ± 1.8无活性Inactive

续表2样品名Sample name粗提物Crude extract不同浓度植物样品的β-羟高铁血红素形成抑制率Inhibition rates of β-hematin formation in screenedsamples with different concentrations (%)1 (μg·mL-1)水提物Water ± 3.82.5 ± 2.42.7 ± 1.77.4 ± 3.08.8 ± 5.8>1 388.9四翅月见草Oenothera tetraptera醇提物Ethanol ± 2.2-16.5 ± 0.5-15.0 ± 1.6-3.7 ± 2.82.5 ± 4.0无活性Inactive水提物Water ± 4.8-14.1 ± 0.4-8.6 ± 3.7-3.5 ± 4.50.6 ± 2.4>1 388.9蓝花野茼蒿Crassocephalum rubens醇提物Ethanol ± 2.8-15.8 ± 0.6-11.0 ± 3.9-3.3 ± 0.0-0.3 ± 3.1无活性Inactive水提物Water ± 1.21.2 ± 2.36.2 ± 1.94.8 ± 1.26.2 ± 2.7无活性Inactive苣荬菜Sonchus brachyotus醇提物Ethanol ± 1.6-17.8 ± 0.4-13.0 ± 0.8-9.5 ± 1.2-7.1 ± 5.0无活性Inactive水提物Water ± 0.3-12.1 ± 0.2-7.1 ± 1.6-7.6 ± 0.4-6.0 ± 1.1无活性Inactive挖耳草Carpesium nepalense醇提物Ethanol ± 1.1-15.4 ± 0.9-9.7 ± 3.3-4.8 ± 1.50.4 ± 2.6无活性Inactive水提物Water ± 0.3-7.2 ± 2.1-2.2 ± 2.4-1.8 ± 2.2-1.8 ± 2.7无活性Inactive灯盏细辛Erigeron breviscapus醇提物Ethanol ± 5.2-8.2 ± 2.2-0.5 ± 1.49.3 ± 4.63.4 ± 0.3无活性Inactive水提物Water ± 0.5-2.1 ± 1.76.2 ± 2.313.7 ± 1.65.8 ± 0.1无活性Inactive一枝箭Crepis napifera醇提物Ethanol ± 3.9-11.2 ± 1.0-2.3 ± 5.113.7 ± 3.413.4 ± 0.3无活性Inactive水提物Water ± 1.45.8 ± 1.813.7 ± 2.110.1 ± 4.212.5 ± 1.0无活性Inactive玉叶金花Mussaenda pubescens醇提物Ethanol ± 0.8-14.9 ± 1.3-5.2 ± 0.46.2 ± 1.57.4 ± 4.2无活性Inactive水提物Water ± 0.9-3.3 ± 2.7-1.8 -0.8 ± 5.41.2 ± 0.7>1 388.9木芙蓉Hibiscus mutabilis醇提物Ethanol ± 0.6-15.4 ± 1.5-7.5 ± 0.91.6 ± 1.51.7 ± 0.6无活性Inactive水提物Water ± 6.3-4.0 ± 2.92.3 ± 2.13.7 ± 2.15.6 ± 1.8>1 388.9回心草Rhodobryum roseum醇提物Ethanol ± 1.0-16.3 ± 0.8-16.6 ± 0.7-5.5 ± 1.8-0.4 ± 1.6无活性Inactive水提物Water ± 2.7-5.4 ± 0.50.3 ± 1.66.8 ± 1.55.4 ± 2.3>1 388.9瑞香狼毒Stellera chamaejasme醇提物Ethanol ± 3.324.6 ± 1.9-0.9 ± 0.83.2 ± 3.03.7 ± 2.2>1 388.9水提物Water ± 2.5-0.9 ± 3.35.2 ± 0.48.7 ± 3.45.9 ± 4.6无活性Inactive大理山梗菜Lobelia taliensis醇提物Ethanol ± 0.7-14.2 ± 1.1-3.2 ± 2.58.2 ± 2.57.8 ± 0.7无活性Inactive水提物Water ± 0.42.9 ± 1.01.7 ± 0.56.9 ± 1.25.8 ± 0.8无活性Inactive刺天茄Solanum indicum醇提物Ethanol ± 1.9-15.4 ± 1.8-11.5 ± 0.30.3 ± 1.49.6 ± 2.6无活性Inactive水提物Water ± 1.8-10.8 ± 2.0-0.8 ± 3.27.6 ± 5.66.3 ± 4.2无活性Inactive龙葵S. nigrum醇提物Ethanol ± 2.4-11.0 ± 3.85.1 ± 3.315.6 ± 0.117.0 ± 2.1无活性Inactive水提物Water ± 0.6-4.5 ± 2.60.1 ± 0.111.0 ± 1.113.1 ± 1.7无活性Inactive

文章来源：《植物学报》 网址: http://www.zwxbzz.cn/qikandaodu/2021/0412/1003.html

上一篇：牛奶和豆浆究竟哪个好
下一篇：贫困农村土壤植物儿童人体必需微量元素的研究